The Liao, Jin, Xixia and Yuan dynasties were all periods of minority rule in history. The Liao, Jin, and Yuan all co-existed with the Song Dynasty. In the end, the Jin destroyed the Liao, and the Yuan destroyed the Xixia and the Jin. Finally, it destroyed the Southern Song and unified China. During this period, the situation in China was turbulent. After the unification of the Yuan Dynasty, although it was relatively stable, it did not last more than a century. As rulers of all ethnic groups actively integrated and absorbed Han culture, calligraphy continued to develop. For example, in the Jin and Yuan dynasties, there were many accomplished calligraphers, including important figures in the history of calligraphy.
According to the "History of the Jin Dynasty", the famous calligraphers of the Jin Dynasty include Dang Huaiying, Wang Tingyun, Ma Jiuchou and Yuan Haowen. But Dang Huaiying's seal script is not under Yang Bing. The so-called "after Yang Bing" is just one person.
There are still many traces of engraving scriptures from Liao, Jin and Xixia, and their books are based on the Tang method. From a development perspective, the achievements are not significant.
The calligraphers of the Yuan Dynasty are particularly prominent, with the emergence of calligraphers such as Zhao Mengfu, Xian Yushu, Deng Wenyuan, Kang Lixisi, Yang Weizhen, etc., and formed distinctive characteristics of the times, which is the so-called "Yuan and Ming Dynasty".
In addition to the above-mentioned calligraphers, the famous calligraphers of the Yuan Dynasty include Feng Zizhen, Jiexisi, Wu Qiuyan, Ni Zan, Ke Jiusi, Saduchi, Fang Congyi and others, which will be omitted here.
